随着中赞两国经济交流日益密切，越来越多的中国企业将目光投向了这个非洲国家，其中不乏建工企业。正如我国对承包建筑项目存在等级资质要求外，赞比亚对建筑业承包商也存在该种要求。本文聚焦在赞比亚注册承包商的相关程序与法律，以期为企业出海提供指引。

（一）主管机构以及相关法律

根据赞比亚2020 年第 10 号《国家建筑委员会法案》（National Council For Construction Act No 10 Of 2020）国家建筑委员会 (National Council for Construction，NCC) 是负责促进、发展、培训和监管赞比亚建筑业的法定机构。

根据赞比亚《国家建筑委员会法案（National Council For Construction Act）》，未经注册为承包商，任何人不得在建筑行业开展业务，违反该规定即属犯罪，一经定罪，可处以不超过五十万罚款单位的罚款或不超过五年的监禁，或两者并处。

National Council For Construction Act

10. (1) A person shall not carry on business in the construction industry, without registering as a contractor under this Act.

(2) A person shall not be considered to be carrying on business within the meaning of this Part by reason only of the performance of that person’s functions as an employee.

(3) A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable, on conviction, to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand penalty units or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or to both.

赞比亚不允许外国自然人在赞比亚承揽工程承包项目。赞比亚要求外国承包商在当地注册公司,对建筑承包企业分六类资质进行管理。目前,赞比亚对外国承包商在当地开展承包工程业务没有限制,根据 2011 年《公民经济赋权（优先采购）条例》（《Citizen Economic Empowerment (Preferential Procurement) Regulations of 2011 》），赞比亚公路发展局（Road Development Agency ，RDA) 要求所有超过 3000 万赞比亚克瓦查（约为 9096000元人民币）的合同至少有 20% 的合同金额分包给赞比亚公民拥有 50.1% 股份的公司。

The RDA in recognition of the Citizen Economic Empowerment (Preferential Procurement) Regulations of 2011 will require that all contracts falling above K30 million be subcontracted to a minimum of 20 percent of the contract sum to a Zambian citizen owned company where 50.1 percent shares are owned by Zambian citizens.

任何人须按规定的方式及表格向NCC申请注册为承包商，并缴付规定的费用。NCC可对不同等级和类别的承包商制定不同的费用。

（二）承包商类别

（三）承包商注册

在赞比亚承揽工程承包项目的许可手续比较简单,承包商在注册承包企业时,需要到赞比亚国家建筑委员会进行登记,申请获得相应的资质,该委员会委托建筑和工程承包商协会对企业申报的资质资料进行审核,审核过程类似招投标过程的资格预审。

根据赞比亚《国家建筑委员会法案（National Council For Construction Act）》第12条，如果申请人 (a) 具有必要的能力、经验、资源、设备和设施，以从事所申请类别的建筑工程；(b) 具有签订建筑工程合同的法律行为能力；(c) 没有资不抵债、被接管、破产或正在清盘，并且不是与资不抵债、被接管或破产有关的法律诉讼的主体；(d) 持有赞比亚资格管理局认可的培训机构颁发的建筑资格证书；(e) 在提出申请之前的一段时期内，没有被判定犯有以下罪行：(i) 腐败或欺诈行为；或 (ii) 任何其他会使承包商丧失参与建筑工程采购资格的罪行；以及 (f) 符合可能规定的其他要求，NCC向申请人颁发注册证书。审核通过之后,企业即可在赞比亚承揽工程项目。

12. (1) The Council shall, within fourteen days of the approval of an application under section 11, issue the applicant with a certificate of registration if the applicant—

(a) has the necessary capability, experience, resources, equipment and facilities to undertake construction works in the category being applied for; (b) has legal capacity to enter into a contract forconstruction works; (c) is not insolvent, in receivership, bankrupt or in the process ofbeing wound up and is not the subject of legal proceedingsrelating to insolvency, receivership or bankruptcy; (d) holds a construction qualification from a training institution recognised by the Zambia Qualifications Authority; (e) has not, during a period preceding the application, been convicted of—(i) corrupt or fraudulent practices; or (ii) any other offence that would disqualify the contractor from participating in procurement of construction works; and (f) meetsother requirements that may be prescribed.

该注册证书有效期为一年，从每年的1月1日至12月31日。在遵守《建筑法》的前提下，NCC可根据规定的条款和条件，向希望承接建筑工程的外国承包商颁发临时注册证书，期限不超过 6 个月。[ 赞比亚《建筑法》第13条、14条。]注册承包商可在证书有效期届满前3个月，以规定的方式及格式向委员会申请证书续期，并缴纳相应费用。委员会须在收到申请后30天内，批准或拒绝该申请，并在拒绝注册证书续期申请时说明理由。注册证书持有人如按照第(1)款提交注册证书续期申请，应继续经营有关业务或活动，直至委员会就该申请作出决定为止。任何人如在规定的时间之后申请注册证明书续期，可被处以所规定的逾期注册罚金。

National Council For Construction Act

12.(4) Subject to this Act, a certificate of registration granted under subsection (1) is valid for one year from 1st January to 31st December in each year.

13.Subject to this Act, the Council may grant a temporary certificate of registration on prescribed terms and conditions, to a foreign contractor who wishes to undertake construction works for a period not exceeding six months

15. (1) A registered contractor may, three months before the expiration of the period of validity of the certificate, apply to the Council for renewal of a certificate of registration in the prescribed manner and form on payment of a prescribed fee.

(2) The Councilshall, within thirty days of receiving an application for the renewal of a certificate of registration, approve or reject the application and give reasons where it rejects the application for renewal of the certificate.

(3) A holder of a certificate of registration who submits an application for the renewal of a certificate of registration in accordance with subsection (1), shall continue to operate the business or activity until a decision is made by the Council on the application.

(4) A person who applies for a renewal of a certificate of registration later than the time stipulated in subsection (1) may be liable to pay a penalty for late registration as may be prescribed.

【外国承包商】

外国承包商 是指：(a) 就个人而言，非公民承包商；或 (b) 就商号、公司或法人或非法人团体而言，非公民全资拥有的承包商；

“foreign contractor ”means—(a) in the case of an individual, a contractor who is a non-citizen; or (b) in the case of a firm, company or a corporate or unincorporate body of persons, a contractor wholly owned by a non-citizen;

NCC在确定承包商的等级和类别时，会评估从事建筑工程的公司或企业的规模、该公司或企业所从事的建筑工程的性质以及该公司或企业内技术人员的数量。注册承包商不得承接其未获得评级或分类的级别或类别的建造工程。